SEC. 1201. SHORT TITLE.

This division may be cited as the `Energy Science and Technology Enhancement Act of 2002'.

SEC. 1202. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds the following:
(1) A coherent national energy strategy requires an energy research and development program that supports basic energy research and provides mechanisms to develop, demonstrate, and deploy new energy technologies in partnership with industry.

(2) An aggressive national energy research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment program is an integral part of a national climate change strategy, because it can reduce--

(A) United States energy intensity by 1.9 percent per year from 1999 to 2020;

(B) United States energy consumption in 2020 by 8 quadrillion Btu from otherwise expected levels; and

(C) United States carbon dioxide emissions from expected levels by 166 million metric tons in carbon equivalent in 2020.

(3) An aggressive national energy research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment program can help maintain domestic United States production of energy, increase United States hydrocarbon reserves by 14 percent, and lower natural gas prices by 20 percent, compared to estimates for 2020.

(4) An aggressive national energy research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment program is needed if United States suppliers and manufacturers are to compete in future markets for advanced energy technologies.

SEC. 1203. DEFINITIONS.

In this title:
(1) DEPARTMENT- The term `Department' means the Department of Energy.

(2) DEPARTMENTAL MISSION- The term `departmental mission' means any of the functions vested in the Secretary of Energy by the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) or other law.

(3) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION- The term `institution of higher education' has the meaning given that term in section 1201(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1141(a));

(4) NATIONAL LABORATORY- The term `National Laboratory' means any of the following multipurpose laboratories owned by the Department of Energy--

(A) Argonne National Laboratory;

(B) Brookhaven National Laboratory;

(C) Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory;

(D) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory;

(E) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory;

(F) Los Alamos National Laboratory;

(G) National Energy Technology Laboratory;

(H) National Renewable Energy Laboratory;

(I) Oak Ridge National Laboratory;

(J) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; or

(K) Sandia National Laboratory.

(5) SECRETARY- The term `Secretary' means the Secretary of Energy.

(6) TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT- The term `technology deployment' means activities to promote acceptance and utilization of technologies in commercial application, including activities undertaken pursuant to section 7 of the Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5906) or section 6 of the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 (42 U.S.C. 12007).

SEC. 1204. CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER LAWS.

Except as otherwise provided in this title and title XIV, the Secretary shall carry out the research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment programs authorized by this title in accordance with the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), the Federal Nonnuclear Research and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5901 et seq.), the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13201 et seq.), or any other Act under which the Secretary is authorized to carry out such activities.

Subtitle A--Energy Efficiency

SEC. 1211. ENHANCED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION- The Secretary shall conduct balanced energy research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment programs to enhance energy efficiency in buildings, industry, power technologies, and transportation.

(b) PROGRAM GOALS-

(1) ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSING- The goal of the energy-efficient housing program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, enabling technologies (including lighting technologies), designs, production methods, and supporting activities that will, by 2010--
(A) cut the energy use of new housing by 50 percent, and

(B) reduce energy use in existing homes by 30 percent.

(2) INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY- The goal of the industrial energy efficiency program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, enabling technologies, designs, production methods, and supporting activities that will, by 2010, enable energy-intensive industries such as the following industries to reduce their energy intensity by at least 25 percent--

(A) the wood product manufacturing industry;

(B) the pulp and paper industry;

(C) the petroleum and coal products manufacturing industry;

(D) the mining industry;

(E) the chemical manufacturing industry;

(F) the glass and glass product manufacturing industry;

(G) the iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing industry;

(H) the primary aluminum production industry;

(I) the foundries industry; and

(J) United States agriculture.

(3) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY- The goal of the transportation energy efficiency program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, technologies that will enable the achievement--

(A) by 2010, passenger automobiles with a fuel economy of 80 miles per gallon;

(B) by 2010, light trucks (classes 1 and 2a) with a fuel economy of 60 miles per gallon;

(C) by 2010, medium trucks and buses (classes 2b through 6 and class 8 transit buses) with a fuel economy, in ton-miles per gallon, that is three times that of year 2000 equivalent vehicles;

(D) by 2010, heavy trucks (classes 7 and 8) with a fuel economy, in ton-miles per gallon, that is two times that of year 2000 equivalent vehicles; and

(E) by 2015, the production of fuel-cell powered passenger vehicles with a fuel economy of 110 miles per gallon.

(4) ENERGY EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTED GENERATION- The goals of the energy efficient on-site generation program shall be to help remove environmental and regulatory barriers to on-site, or distributed, generation and combined heat and power by developing technologies by 2015 that achieve--

(A) electricity generating efficiencies greater than 40 percent for on-site generation technologies based upon natural gas, including fuel cells, microturbines, reciprocating engines and industrial gas turbines;

(B) combined heat and power total (electric and thermal) efficiencies of more than 85 percent;

(C) fuel flexibility to include hydrogen, biofuels and natural gas;

(D) near zero emissions of pollutants that form smog and acid rain;

(E) reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by at least 40 percent;

(F) packaged system integration at end user facilities providing complete services in heating, cooling, electricity and air quality; and

(G) increased reliability for the consumer and greater stability for the national electricity grid.

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment activities under this subtitle--

(1) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(2) $784,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(3) $878,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(4) $983,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.

(d) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS- None of the funds authorized to be appropriated in subsection (c) may be used for the following programs of the Department--

(1) Weatherization Assistance Program;

(2) State Energy Program; or

(3) Federal Energy Management Program.

SEC. 1212. ENERGY EFFICIENCY SCIENCE INITIATIVE.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- From amounts authorized under section 1211(c), there are authorized to be appropriated not more than $50,000,000 in any fiscal year, for an Energy Efficiency Science Initiative to be managed by the Assistant Secretary in the Department with responsibility for energy conservation under section 203(a)(9) of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7133(a)(9)), in consultation with the Director of the Office of Science, for grants to be competitively awarded and subject to peer review for research relating to energy efficiency.

(b) REPORT- The Secretary of Energy shall submit to the Committee on Science and the Committee on Appropriations of the United States House of Representatives, and to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the United States Senate, an annual report on the activities of the Energy Efficiency Science Initiative, including a description of the process used to award the funds and an explanation of how the research relates to energy efficiency.

SEC. 1213. NEXT GENERATION LIGHTING INITIATIVE.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- There is established in the Department a Next Generation Lighting Initiative to research, develop, and conduct demonstration activities on advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on white light emitting diodes.

(b) OBJECTIVES-

(1) IN GENERAL- The objectives of the initiative shall be to develop, by 2011, advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on white light emitting diodes that, compared to incandescent and fluorescent lighting technologies, are--
(A) longer lasting;

(B) more energy-efficient; and

(C) cost-competitive.

(2) INORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE- The objective of the initiative with respect to inorganic white light emitting diodes shall be to develop an inorganic white light emitting diode that has an efficiency of 160 lumens per watt and a 10-year lifetime.

(3) ORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE- The objective of the initiative with respect to organic white light emitting diodes shall be to develop an organic white light emitting diode with an efficiency of 100 lumens per watt with a 5-year lifetime that--

(A) illuminates over a full color spectrum;

(B) covers large areas over flexible surfaces; and

(C) does not contain harmful pollutants typical of fluorescent lamps such as mercury.

(c) CONSORTIUM-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall initiate and manage basic and manufacturing-related research on advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on white light emitting diodes for the initiative, in cooperation with the Next Generation Lighting Initiative Consortium.

(2) COMPOSITION- The consortium shall be composed of firms, national laboratories, and other entities so that the consortium is representative of the United States solid-state lighting research, development, and manufacturing expertise as a whole.

(3) FUNDING- The consortium shall be funded by--

(A) participation fees; and

(B) grants provided under subsection (e)(1).

(4) ELIGIBILITY- To be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (e)(1), the consortium shall--

(A) enter into a consortium participation agreement that--
(i) is agreed to by all participants; and

(ii) describes the responsibilities of participants, participation fees, and the scope of research activities; and

(B) develop an annual program plan.

(5) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY- Participants in the consortium shall have royalty-free nonexclusive rights to use intellectual property derived from consortium research conducted under subsection (e)(1).

(d) PLANNING BOARD-

(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than 90 days after the establishment of the consortium, the Secretary shall establish and appoint the members of a planning board, to be known as the `Next Generation Lighting Initiative Planning Board', to assist the Secretary in carrying out this section.

(2) COMPOSITION- The planning board shall be composed of--

(A) four members from universities, national laboratories, and other individuals with expertise in advanced solid-state lighting and technologies based on white light emitting diodes; and

(B) three members from a list of not less than six nominees from industry submitted by the consortium.

(3) STUDY-

(A) IN GENERAL- Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary appoints members to the planning board, the planning board shall complete a study on strategies for the development and implementation of advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on white light emitting diodes.

(B) REQUIREMENTS- The study shall develop a comprehensive strategy to implement, through the initiative, the use of white light emitting diodes to increase energy efficiency and enhance United States competitiveness.

(C) IMPLEMENTATION- As soon as practicable after the study is submitted to the Secretary, the Secretary shall implement the initiative in accordance with the recommendations of the planning board.

(4) TERMINATION- The planning board shall terminate upon completion of the study under paragraph (3).

(e) GRANTS-

(1) FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH- The Secretary, through the consortium, shall make grants to conduct basic and manufacturing-related research related to advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on white light emitting diode technologies.

(2) TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION- The Secretary shall enter into grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements to conduct or promote technology research, development, or demonstration activities. In providing funding under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give preference to participants in the consortium.

(3) CONTINUING ASSESSMENT- The consortium, in collaboration with the Secretary, shall formulate annual operating and performance objectives, develop technology roadmaps, and recommend research and development priorities for the initiative. The Secretary may also establish or utilize advisory committees, or enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences, to conduct periodic reviews of the initiative. The Secretary shall consider the results of such assessment and review activities in making funding decisions under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection.

(4) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE- The National Laboratories shall cooperate with and provide technical assistance to persons carrying out projects under the initiative.

(5) AUDITS-

(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall retain an independent, commercial auditor to determine the extent to which funds made available under this section have been expended in a manner that is consistent with the objectives under subsection (b) and, in the case of funds made available to the consortium, the annual program plan of the consortium under subsection (c)(4)(B).

(B) REPORTS- The auditor shall submit to Congress, the Secretary, and the Comptroller General of the United States an annual report containing the results of the audit.

(6) APPLICABLE LAW- Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements under this section shall not be subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation.

(f) PROTECTION OF INFORMATION- Information obtained by the Federal Government on a confidential basis under this section shall be considered to constitute trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential under section 552(b)(4) of title 5, United States Code.

(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- In addition to amounts authorized under section 1211(c), there are authorized to be appropriated for activities under this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011.

(h) DEFINITIONS- In this section:

(1) ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LIGHTING- The term `advanced solid-state lighting' means a semiconducting device package and delivery system that produces white light using externally applied voltage.

(2) CONSORTIUM- The term `consortium' means the Next Generation Lighting Initiative Consortium under subsection (c).

(3) INITIATIVE- The term `initiative' means the Next Generation Lighting Initiative established under subsection (a).

(4) INORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE- The term `inorganic white light emitting diode' means an inorganic semiconducting package that produces white light using externally applied voltage.

(5) ORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE- The term `organic white light emitting diode' means an organic semiconducting compound that produces white light using externally applied voltage.

(6) WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE- The term `white light emitting diode' means--

(A) an inorganic white light emitting diode; or

(B) an organic white light emitting diode.

SEC. 1214. RAILROAD EFFICIENCY.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- The Secretary shall, in cooperation with the Secretaries of Transportation and Defense, and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, establish a public-private research partnership involving the Federal Government, railroad carriers, locomotive manufacturers, and the Association of American Railroads. The goal of the initiative shall include developing and demonstrating locomotive technologies that increase fuel economy, reduce emissions, improve safety, and lower costs.

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the requirements of this section $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2003 and $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2004.

SEC. 1215. HIGH POWER DENSITY INDUSTRY PROGRAM.

The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive research, development, demonstration and deployment program to improve energy efficiency of high power density facilities, including data centers, server farms, and telecommunications facilities. Such program shall consider technologies that provide significant improvement in thermal controls, metering, load management, peak load reduction, or the efficient cooling of electronics.

SEC. 1216. RESEARCH REGARDING PRECIOUS METAL CATALYSIS.

The Secretary of Energy may, for the purpose of developing improved industrial and automotive catalysts, carry out research in the use of precious metals (excluding platinum, palladium, and rhodium) in catalysis directly, through national laboratories, or through grants to or cooperative agreements or contracts with public or nonprofit entities. There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for fiscal years 2003 through 2006.

Subtitle B--Renewable Energy

SEC. 1221. ENHANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION- The Secretary shall conduct balanced energy research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment programs to enhance the use of renewable energy.

(b) PROGRAM GOALS-

(1) WIND POWER- The goals of the wind power program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, a variety of advanced wind turbine designs and manufacturing technologies that are cost-competitive with fossil-fuel generated electricity, with a focus on developing advanced low wind speed technologies that, by 2007, will enable the expanding utilization of widespread class 3 and 4 winds.

(2) PHOTOVOLTAICS- The goal of the photovoltaic program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, total photovoltaic systems with installed costs of $4,000 per peak kilowatt by 2005 and $2,000 per peak kilowatt by 2015.

(3) SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC SYSTEMS- The goal of the solar thermal electric systems program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, solar power technologies (including baseload solar power) that are competitive with fossil-fuel generated electricity by 2015, by combining high-efficiency and high-temperature receivers with advanced thermal storage and power cycles.

(4) BIOMASS-BASED POWER SYSTEMS- The goal of the biomass program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, integrated power-generating systems, advanced conversion, and feedstock technologies capable of producing electric power that is cost-competitive with fossil-fuel generated electricity by 2010, together with the production of fuels, chemicals, and other products under paragraph (6).

(5) GEOTHERMAL ENERGY- The goal of the geothermal program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, technologies and processes based on advanced hydrothermal systems and advanced heat and power systems, including geothermal heat pump technology, with a specific focus on--

(A) improving exploration and characterization technology to increase the probability of drilling successful wells from 20 percent to 40 percent by 2006;

(B) reducing the cost of drilling by 2008 to an average cost of $150 per foot; and

(C) developing enhanced geothermal systems technology with the potential to double the useable geothermal resource base.

(6) BIOFUELS- The goal of the biofuels program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry--

(A) advanced biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies capable of making liquid and gaseous fuels from cellulosic feedstocks that are price-competitive with gasoline or diesel in either internal combustion engines or fuel cell vehicles by 2010; and

(B) advanced biotechnology processes capable of making biofuels, biobased polymers, and chemicals, with particular emphasis on the development of biorefineries that use enzyme based processing systems.

For purposes of this paragraph, the term `cellulosic feedstock' means any portion of a food crop not normally used in food production or any nonfood crop grown for the purpose of producing biomass feedstock.

(7) HYDROGEN-BASED ENERGY SYSTEMS- The goals of the hydrogen program shall be to support research and development on technologies for production, storage, and use of hydrogen, including fuel cells and, specifically, fuel-cell vehicle development activities under section 1211.

(8) HYDROPOWER- The goal of the hydropower program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry, a new generation of turbine technologies that are less damaging to fish and aquatic ecosystems.

(9) ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEMS AND STORAGE- The goals of the electric energy and storage program shall be to develop, in partnership with industry--

(A) generators and transmission, distribution, and storage systems that combine high capacity with high efficiency;

(B) technologies to interconnect distributed energy resources with electric power systems, comply with any national interconnection standards, have a minimum 10-year useful life;

(C) advanced technologies to increase the average efficiency of electric transmission facilities in rural and remote areas, giving priority for demonstrations to advanced transmission technologies that are being or have been field tested;

(D) the use of new transmission technologies, including flexible alternating current transmission systems, composite conductor materials, advanced protection devices, controllers, and other cost-effective methods and technologies;

(E) the use of superconducting materials in power delivery equipment such as transmission and distribution cables, transformers, and generators;

(F) energy management technologies for enterprises with aggregated loads and distributed generation, such as power parks;

(G) economic and system models to measure the costs and benefits of improved system performance;

(H) hybrid distributed energy systems to optimize two or more distributed or on-site generation technologies; and

(I) real-time transmission and distribution system control technologies that provide for continual exchange of information between generation, transmission, distribution, and end-user facilities.

(c) SPECIAL PROJECTS- In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall demonstrate--

(1) the use of advanced wind power technology, biomass, geothermal energy systems, and other renewable energy technologies to assist in delivering electricity to rural and remote locations;

(2) the combined use of wind power and coal gasification technologies; and

(3) the use of high temperature superconducting technology in projects to demonstrate the development of superconductors that enhance the reliability, operational flexibility, or power-carrying capability of electric transmission systems or increase the electrical or operational efficiency of electric energy generation, transmission, distribution and storage systems.

(d) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RURAL AREAS- In carrying out special projects under subsection (c), the Secretary may provide financial assistance to rural electric cooperatives and other rural entities.

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment activities under this subtitle--

(1) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(2) $595,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(3) $683,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(4) $733,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, of which $100,000,000 may be allocated to meet the goals of subsection (b)(1).

SEC. 1222. BIOENERGY PROGRAMS.

(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION- The Secretary shall carry out research, development, demonstration, and technology development activities related to bioenergy, including programs under paragraphs (4) and (6) of section 1221(b).

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS-

(1) BIOPOWER ENERGY SYSTEMS- From amounts authorized under section 1221(e), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for biopower energy systems--
(A) $60,300,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(B) $69,300,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(C) $79,600,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(D) $86,250,000 for fiscal year 2006.

(2) BIOFUELS ENERGY SYSTEMS- From amounts authorized under section 1221(e), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for biofuels energy systems--

(A) $57,500,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(B) $66,125,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(C) $76,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(D) $81,400,000 for fiscal year 2006.

(3) INTEGRATED BIOENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT- The Secretary may use funds authorized under paragraph (1) or (2) for programs, projects, or activities that integrate applications for both biopower and biofuels, including cross-cutting research and development in feedstocks and economic analysis.

SEC. 1223. HYDROGEN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

(a) SHORT TITLE- This section may be cited as the `Hydrogen Future Act of 2002'.

(b) PURPOSES- Section 102(b) of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12401(b)) is amended by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the following:

`(2) to direct the Secretary to develop a program of technology assessment, information transfer, and education in which Federal agencies, members of the transportation, energy, and other industries, and other entities may participate;

`(3) to develop methods of hydrogen production that minimize production of greenhouse gases, including developing--

`(A) efficient production from nonrenewable resources; and

`(B) cost-effective production from renewable resources such as biomass, geothermal, wind, and solar energy; and

`(4) to foster the use of hydrogen as a major energy source, including developing the use of hydrogen in--

`(A) isolated villages, islands, and communities in which other energy sources are not available or are very expensive; and

`(B) foreign economic development, to avoid environmental damage from increased fossil fuel use.'.

(c) REPORT TO CONGRESS- Section 103 of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12402) is amended--

(1) in subsection (a), by striking `January 1, 1999,' and inserting `1 year after the date of enactment of the Hydrogen Future Act of 2002, and biennially thereafter,';

(2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:

`(1) an analysis of hydrogen-related activities throughout the United States Government to identify productive areas for increased intragovernmental collaboration;

`(2) recommendations of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel established by section 108 for any improvements in the program that are needed, including recommendations for additional legislation; and

`(3) to the extent practicable, an analysis of State and local hydrogen-related activities.'; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

`(c) COORDINATION PLAN- The report under subsection (a) shall be based on a comprehensive coordination plan for hydrogen energy prepared by the Secretary in consultation with other Federal agencies.'.

(d) HYDROGEN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT- Section 104 of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12403) is amended--

(1) in subsection (b)(1), by striking `marketplace;' and inserting `marketplace, including foreign markets, particularly where an energy infrastructure is not well developed;';

(2) in subsection (e), by striking `this chapter' and inserting `this Act';

(3) by striking subsection (g) and inserting the following:

`(g) COST SHARING-

`(1) INABILITY TO FUND ENTIRE COST- The Secretary shall not consider a proposal submitted by a person from industry unless the proposal contains a certification that--
`(A) reasonable efforts to obtain non-Federal funding in the amount necessary to pay 100 percent of the cost of the project have been made; and

`(B) non-Federal funding in that amount could not reasonably be obtained.

`(2) NON-FEDERAL SHARE-

`(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall require a commitment from non-Federal sources of at least 25 percent of the cost of the project.

`(B) REDUCTION OR ELIMINATION- The Secretary may reduce or eliminate the cost-sharing requirement under subparagraph (A) for the proposed research and development project, including for technical analyses, economic analyses, outreach activities, and educational programs, if the Secretary determines that reduction or elimination is necessary to achieve the objectives of this Act.';

(4) in subsection (i), by striking `this chapter' and inserting `this Act'.

(e) DEMONSTRATIONS- Section 105 of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12404) is amended by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:

`(c) NON-FEDERAL SHARE-

`(1) IN GENERAL- Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall require a commitment from non-Federal sources of at least 50 percent of the costs directly relating to a demonstration project under this section.

`(2) REDUCTION- The Secretary may reduce the non-Federal requirement under paragraph (1) if the Secretary determines that the reduction is appropriate considering the technological risks involved in the project and is necessary to meet the objectives of this Act.'.

(f) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER- Section 106 of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12405) is amended--

(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the first sentence--
(i) by striking `The Secretary shall conduct a program designed to accelerate wider application' and inserting the following:

`(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall conduct a program designed to--

`(A) accelerate wider application'; and
(ii) by striking `private sector' and inserting `private sector; and

`(B) accelerate wider application of hydrogen technologies in foreign countries to increase the global market for the technologies and foster global economic development without harmful environmental effects.'; and

(B) in the second sentence, by striking `The Secretary' and inserting the following:

`(2) ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE- The Secretary'; and

(2) in subsection (b)--

(A) in paragraph (2), by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (D) as clauses (i) through (iv), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately;

(C) by striking `The Secretary, in' and inserting the following:

`(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary, in';

(D) by striking `The information' and inserting the following:

`(2) ACTIVITIES- The information'; and

(E) in paragraph (1) (as designated by subparagraph (C))--
(i) in subparagraph (A) (as redesignated by subparagraph (B)), by striking `an inventory' and inserting `an update of the inventory'; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B) (as redesignated by subparagraph (B)), by striking `develop' and all that follows through `to improve' and inserting `develop with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy, other Federal agencies as appropriate, and industry, an information exchange program to improve'.

(g) Technical Panel Review-

(1) IN GENERAL- Section 108 of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12407) is amended--
(A) in subsection (b)--
(i) by striking `(b) MEMBERSHIP- The technical panel shall be appointed' and inserting the following:

`(b) Membership-

`(1) IN GENERAL- The technical panel shall be comprised of not fewer than 9 nor more than 15 members appointed';
(ii) by striking the second sentence and inserting the following:

`(2) Terms-

`(A) IN GENERAL- The term of a member of the technical panel shall be not more than 3 years.

`(B) STAGGERED TERMS- The Secretary may appoint members of the technical panel in a manner that allows the terms of the members serving at any time to expire at spaced intervals so as to ensure continuity in the functioning of the technical panel.

`(C) REAPPOINTMENT- A member of the technical panel whose term expires may be reappointed.'; and

(iii) by striking `The technical panel shall have a chairman,' and inserting the following:

`(3) CHAIRPERSON- The technical panel shall have a chairperson,'; and

(B) in subsection (d)--
(i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking `the following items';

(ii) in paragraph (1), by striking `and' at the end;

(iii) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and inserting `; and'; and

(iv) by adding at the end the following:

`(3) the plan developed by the interagency task force under section 202(b) of the Hydrogen Future Act of 1996.'.

(2) NEW APPOINTMENTS- Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary--

(A) shall review the membership composition of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel; and

(B) may appoint new members consistent with the amendments made by subsection (a).

(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- Section 109 of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12408) is amended--

(1) in paragraph (8), by striking `and';

(2) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

`(10) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

`(11) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

`(12) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

`(13) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.'.

(i) Fuel Cells-

(1) INTEGRATION OF FUEL CELLS WITH HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS- Section 201 of the Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 is amended--
(A) in subsection (a) by striking `(a) Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, and subject' and inserting `(a) IN GENERAL- Subject';

(B) by striking `with--' and all that follows and inserting `into Federal, State, and local government facilities for stationary and transportation applications.';

(C) in subsection (b), by striking `gas is' and inserting `basis';

(D) in subsection (c)(2), by striking `systems described in subsections (a)(1) and (a)(2)' and inserting `projects proposed'; and

(E) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:

`(d) Non-Federal Share-

`(1) IN GENERAL- Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall require a commitment from non-Federal sources of at least 50 percent of the costs directly relating to a demonstration project under this section.

`(2) REDUCTION- The Secretary may reduce the non-Federal requirement under paragraph (1) if the Secretary determines that the reduction is appropriate considering the technological risks involved in the project and is necessary to meet the objectives of this Act.'.

(2) COOPERATIVE AND COST-SHARING AGREEMENTS; INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION- Title II of the Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. 12403 note; Public Law 104-271) is amended by striking section 202 and inserting the following:

`SEC. 202. INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.

`(a) ESTABLISHMENT- Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish an interagency task force led by a Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Department of Energy and comprised of representatives of--
`(1) the Office of Science and Technology Policy;

`(2) the Department of Transportation;

`(3) the Department of Defense;

`(4) the Department of Commerce (including the National Institute for Standards and Technology);

`(5) the Environmental Protection Agency;

`(6) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and

`(7) other agencies as appropriate.

`(b) Duties-

`(1) IN GENERAL- The task force shall develop a plan for carrying out this title.

`(2) FOCUS OF PLAN- The plan shall focus on development and demonstration of integrated systems and components for--

`(A) hydrogen production, storage, and use in Federal, State, and local government buildings and vehicles;

`(B) hydrogen-based infrastructure for buses and other fleet transportation systems that include zero-emission vehicles; and

`(C) hydrogen-based distributed power generation, including the generation of combined heat, power, and hydrogen.

`SEC. 203. COOPERATIVE AND COST-SHARING AGREEMENTS.

`The Secretary shall enter into cooperative and cost-sharing agreements with Federal, State, and local agencies for participation by the agencies in demonstrations at facilities administered by the agencies, with the aim of integrating high efficiency hydrogen systems using fuel cells into the facilities to provide immediate benefits and promote a smooth transition to hydrogen as an energy source.

`SEC. 204. INTEGRATION AND DISSEMINATION OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION.

`The Secretary shall--
`(1) integrate all the technical information that becomes available as a result of development and demonstration projects under this title;

`(2) make the information available to all Federal and State agencies for dissemination to all interested persons; and

`(3) foster the exchange of generic, nonproprietary information and technology developed under this title among industry, academia, and Federal, State, and local governments, to help the United States economy attain the economic benefits of the information and technology.

`SEC. 205. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

`There are authorized to be appropriated, for activities under this title--
`(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

`(2) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

`(3) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

`(4) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.'.

Subtitle C--Fossil Energy

SEC. 1231. ENHANCED FOSSIL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

SEC. 1232. POWER PLANT IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE.

(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION- The Secretary shall conduct a balanced energy research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment program to demonstrate commercial applications of advanced lignite and coal-based technologies applicable to new or existing power plants (including co-production plants) that advance the efficiency, environmental performance, and cost-competitiveness substantially beyond technologies that are in operation or have been demonstrated by the date of enactment of this subtitle.

(b) Technical Milestones-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall set technical milestones specifying efficiency and emissions levels that projects shall be designed to achieve. The milestones shall become more restrictive over the life of the program.

(2) 2010 efficiency milestones- The milestones shall be designed to achieve by 2010 interim thermal efficiency of--

(A) forty-five percent for coal of more than 9,000 Btu;

(B) forty-four percent for coal of 7,000 to 9,000 Btu; and

(C) forty-two percent for coal of less than 7,000 Btu.

(3) 2020 efficiency milestones- The milestones shall be designed to achieve by 2020 thermal efficiency of--

(A) sixty percent for coal of more than 9,000 Btu;

(B) fifty-nine percent for coal of 7,000 to 9,000 Btu; and

(C) fifty-seven percent for coal of less than 7,000 Btu.

(4) EMISSIONS MILESTONES- The milestones shall include near zero emissions of mercury and greenhouse gases and of emissions that form fine particles, smog, and acid rain.

(5) REGIONAL AND QUALITY DIFFERENCES- The Secretary may consider regional and quality differences in developing the efficiency milestones.

(c) PROJECT CRITERIA- The demonstration activities proposed to be conducted at a new or existing coal-based electric generation unit having a nameplate rating of not less than 100 megawatts, excluding a co-production plant, shall include at least one of the following--

(1) a means of recycling or reusing a significant portion of coal combustion wastes produced by coal-based generating units, excluding practices that are commercially available by the date of enactment of this subtitle;

(2) a means of capture and sequestering emissions, including greenhouse gases, in a manner that is more effective and substantially below the cost of technologies that are in operation or that have been demonstrated by the date of enactment of this subtitle;

(3) a means of controlling sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide or mercury in a manner that improves environmental performance beyond technologies that are in operation or that have been demonstrated by the date of enactment of this subtitle--

(A) in the case of an existing unit, achieve an overall thermal design efficiency improvement compared to the efficiency of the unit as operated, of not less than--
(i) 7 percent for coal of more than 9,000 Btu;

(ii) 6 percent for coal of 7,000 to 9,000 Btu; or

(iii) 4 percent for coal of less than 7,000 Btu; or

(B) in the case of a new unit, achieve the efficiency milestones set for in subsection (b) compared to the efficiency of a typical unit as operated on the date of enactment of this subtitle, before any retrofit, repowering, replacement, or installation.

(d) STUDY- The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of the Interior, and interested entities (including coal producers, industries using coal, organizations to promote coal or advanced coal technologies, environmental organizations, and organizations representing workers), shall conduct an assessment that identifies performance criteria that would be necessary for coal-based technologies to meet, to enable future reliance on coal in an environmentally sustainable manner for electricity generation, use as a chemical feedstock, and use as a transportation fuel.

(e) Authorization of Appropriations-

(1) IN GENERAL- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out activities under this section $200,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011.

(2) LIMITATION ON FUNDING OF PROJECTS- Eighty percent of the funding under this section shall be limited to--

(A) carbon capture and sequestration technologies;

(B) gasification technologies, including gasification combined cycle, gasification fuel cells, gasification co-production, or hybrid gasification/combustion; or

(C) other technology either by itself or in conjunction with other technologies that has the potential to achieve near zero emissions.

SEC. 1233. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR ADVANCED SAFE AND EFFICIENT COAL MINING TECHNOLOGIES.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- The Secretary of Energy shall establish a cooperative research partnership involving appropriate Federal agencies, coal producers, including associations, equipment manufacturers, universities with mining engineering departments, and other relevant entities to--
(1) develop mining research priorities identified by the Mining Industry of the Future Program and in the recommendations from relevant reports of the National Academy of Sciences on mining technologies;

(2) establish a process for conducting joint industry-Government research and development; and

(3) expand mining research capabilities at institutions of higher education.

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS-

(1) IN GENERAL- There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out activities under this section, $12,000,000 in fiscal year 2003 and $15,000,000 in fiscal year 2004.

(2) LIMIT ON USE OF FUNDS- Not less than 20 percent of any funds appropriated in a given fiscal year under this subsection shall be dedicated to research carried out at institutions of higher education.

SEC. 1234. ULTRA-DEEPWATER AND UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES.

(a) DEFINITIONS- In this section:
(1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE- The term `Advisory Committee' means the Ultra-Deepwater and Unconventional Resource Technology Advisory Committee established under subsection (c).

(2) AWARD- The term `award' means a cooperative agreement, contract, award or other types of agreement as appropriate.

(3) DEEPWATER- The term `deepwater' means a water depth that is greater than 200 but less than 1,500 meters.

(4) ELIGIBLE AWARD RECIPIENT- The term `eligible award recipient' includes--

(A) a research institution;

(B) an institution of higher education;

(C) a corporation; and

(D) a managing consortium formed among entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).

(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION- The term `institution of higher education' has the meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

(6) MANAGING CONSORTIUM- The term `managing consortium' means an entity that--

(A) exists as of the date of enactment of this section;

(B)(i) is an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and

(ii) is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of that Code;

(C) is experienced in planning and managing programs in natural gas or other petroleum exploration and production research, development, and demonstration; and

(D) has demonstrated capabilities and experience in representing the views and priorities of industry, institutions of higher education and other research institutions in formulating comprehensive research and development plans and programs.

(7) PROGRAM- The term `program' means the program of research, development, and demonstration established under subsection (b)(1)(A).

(8) ULTRA-DEEPWATER- The term `ultra-deepwater' means a water depth that is equal to or greater than 1,500 meters.

(9) ULTRA-DEEPWATER ARCHITECTURE- The term `ultra-deepwater architecture' means the integration of technologies to explore and produce natural gas or petroleum products located at ultra-deepwater depths.

(10) ULTRA-DEEPWATER RESOURCE- The term `ultra-deepwater resource' means natural gas or any other petroleum resource (including methane hydrate) located in an ultra-deepwater area.

(11) UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCE- The term `unconventional resource' means natural gas or any other petroleum resource located in a formation on physically or economically inaccessible land currently available for lease for purposes of natural gas or other petroleum exploration or production.

(b) ULTRA-DEEPWATER AND UNCONVENTIONAL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION PROGRAM-

(1) Establishment-
(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall establish a program of research into, and development and demonstration of, ultra-deepwater resource and unconventional resource exploration and production technologies.

(B) LOCATION; IMPLEMENTATION- The program under this subsection shall be carried out--

(i) in areas on the outer Continental Shelf that, as of the date of enactment of this section, are available for leasing; and

(ii) on unconventional resources.

(2) COMPONENTS- The program shall include one or more programs for long-term research into--

(A) new deepwater ultra-deepwater resource and unconventional resource exploration and production technologies; or

(B) environmental mitigation technologies for production of ultra-deepwater resource and unconventional resource.

(c) ADVISORY COMMITTEE-

(1) ESTABLISHMENT- Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee to be known as the `Ultra-Deepwater and Unconventional Resource Technology Advisory Committee'.

(2) MEMBERSHIP-

(A) COMPOSITION- Subject to subparagraph (B), the advisory committee shall be composed of seven members appointed by the Secretary that--
(i) have extensive operational knowledge of and experience in the natural gas and other petroleum exploration and production industry; and

(ii) are not Federal employees or employees of contractors to a Federal agency.

(B) EXPERTISE- Of the members of the advisory committee appointed under subparagraph (A)--

(i) at least four members shall have extensive knowledge of ultra-deepwater resource exploration and production technologies;

(ii) at least three members shall have extensive knowledge of unconventional resource exploration and production technologies.

(3) DUTIES- The advisory committee shall advise the Secretary in the implementation of this section.

(4) COMPENSATION- A member of the advisory committee shall serve without compensation but shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with applicable provisions under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code.

(d) AWARDS-

(1) TYPES OF AWARDS-
(A) ULTRA-DEEPWATER RESOURCES-
(i) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall make awards for research into, and development and demonstration of, ultra-deepwater resource exploration and production technologies--
(I) to maximize the value of the ultra-deepwater resources of the United States;

(II) to increase the supply of ultra-deepwater resources by lowering the cost and improving the efficiency of exploration and production of such resources; and

(III) to improve safety and minimize negative environmental impacts of that exploration and production.

(ii) ULTRA-DEEPWATER ARCHITECTURE- In furtherance of the purposes described in clause (i), the Secretary shall, where appropriate, solicit proposals from a managing consortium to develop and demonstrate next-generation architecture for ultra-deepwater resource production.

(B) UNCONVENTIONAL RESOURCES- The Secretary shall make awards--

(i) to carry out research into, and development and demonstration of, technologies to maximize the value of unconventional resources; and

(ii) to develop technologies to simultaneously--

(I) increase the supply of unconventional resources by lowering the cost and improving the efficiency of exploration and production of unconventional resources; and

(II) improve safety and minimize negative environmental impacts of that exploration and production.

(2) CONDITIONS- An award made under this subsection shall be subject to the following conditions:

(A) MULTIPLE ENTITIES- If an award recipient is composed of more than one eligible organization, the recipient shall provide a signed contract, agreed to by all eligible organizations comprising the award recipient, that defines, in a manner that is consistent with all applicable law in effect as of the date of the contract, all rights to intellectual property for--
(i) technology in existence as of that date; and

(ii) future inventions conceived and developed using funds provided under the award.

(B) COMPONENTS OF APPLICATION- An application for an award for a demonstration project shall describe with specificity any intended commercial applications of the technology to be demonstrated.

(C) COST SHARING- Non-Federal cost sharing shall be in accordance with section 1403.

(e) PLAN AND FUNDING-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary, and where appropriate, a managing consortium under subsection (d)(1)(A)(ii), shall formulate annual operating and performance objectives, develop multiyear technology roadmaps, and establish research and development priorities for the funding of activities under this section which will serve as guidelines for making awards including cost-matching objectives.

(2) INDUSTRY INPUT- In carrying out this program, the Secretary shall promote maximum industry input through the use of managing consortia or other organizations in planning and executing the research areas and conducting workshops or reviews to ensure that this program focuses on industry problems and needs.

(f) AUDITING-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall retain an independent, commercial auditor to determine the extent to which funds authorized by this section, provided through a managing consortium, are expended in a manner consistent with the purposes of this section.

(2) REPORTS- The auditor retained under paragraph (1) shall submit to the Secretary, and the Secretary shall transmit to the appropriate congressional committees, an annual report that describes--

(A) the findings of the auditor under paragraph (1); and

(B) a plan under which the Secretary may remedy any deficiencies identified by the auditor.

(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(h) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY- The authority provided by this section shall terminate on September 30, 2009.

(i) SAVINGS PROVISION- Nothing in this section is intended to displace, duplicate or diminish any previously authorized research activities of the Department of Energy.

SEC. 1235. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR NEW NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES.

The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a comprehensive 5-year program for research, development and demonstration to improve the reliability, efficiency, safety and integrity of the natural gas transportation and distribution infrastructure and for distributed energy resources (including microturbines, fuel cells, advanced engine-generators, gas turbines, reciprocating engines, hybrid power generation systems, and all ancillary equipment for dispatch, control and maintenance).

SEC. 1236. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR OFFICE OF ARCTIC ENERGY.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Arctic Energy under section 3197 of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Public Law 106-398) such sums as may be necessary, but not to exceed $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011.

SEC. 1237. CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY LOAN.

There is authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $125,000,000 to the Secretary of Energy to provide a loan to the owner of the experimental plant constructed under United States Department of Energy cooperative agreement number DE-FC22-91PC99544 on such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines, including interest rates and upfront payments.

Subtitle D--Nuclear Energy

SEC. 1241. ENHANCED NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION- The Secretary shall conduct an energy research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment program to enhance nuclear energy.

(b) PROGRAM GOALS- The program shall--

(1) support research related to existing United States nuclear power reactors to extend their lifetimes and increase their reliability while optimizing their current operations for greater efficiencies;

(2) examine--

(A) advanced proliferation-resistant and passively safe reactor designs;

(B) new reactor designs with higher efficiency, lower cost, and improved safety;

(C) in coordination with activities carried out under the amendments made by section 1223, designs for a high temperature reactor capable of producing large-scale quantities of hydrogen using thermochemical processes;

(D) proliferation-resistant and high-burn-up nuclear fuels;

(E) minimization of generation of radioactive materials;

(F) improved nuclear waste management technologies; and

(G) improved instrumentation science;

(3) attract new students and faculty to the nuclear sciences and nuclear engineering and related fields (including health physics and nuclear and radiochemistry) through--

(A) university-based fundamental research for existing faculty and new junior faculty;

(B) support for the re-licensing of existing training reactors at universities in conjunction with industry; and

(C) completing the conversion of existing training reactors with proliferation-resistant fuels that are low enriched and to adapt those reactors to new investigative uses;

(4) maintain a national capability and infrastructure to produce medical isotopes and ensure a well trained cadre of nuclear medicine specialists in partnership with industry;

(5) ensure that our nation has adequate capability to power future satellite and space missions; and

(6) maintain, where appropriate through a prioritization process, a balanced research infrastructure so that future research programs can use these facilities.

(c) Authorization of Appropriations-

(1) CORE NUCLEAR RESEARCH PROGRAMS- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment activities under subsection (b)(1) through (3)--
(A) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(B) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(C) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(D) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.

(2) SUPPORTING NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out activities under subsection (b)(4) through (6), as well as nuclear facilities management and program direction--

(A) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(B) $202,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(C) $207,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(D) $212,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.

SEC. 1242. UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SUPPORT.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- The Secretary shall support a program to maintain the nation's human resource investment and infrastructure in the nuclear sciences and engineering and related fields (including health physics and nuclear and radiochemistry), consistent with departmental missions related to civilian nuclear research and development.

(b) DUTIES- In carrying out the program under this section, the Secretary shall--

(1) develop a graduate and undergraduate fellowship program to attract new and talented students;

(2) assist universities in recruiting and retaining new faculty in the nuclear sciences and engineering through a Junior Faculty Research Initiation Grant Program;

(3) support fundamental nuclear sciences and engineering research through the Nuclear Engineering Education Research Program;

(4) encourage collaborative nuclear research between industry, national laboratories and universities through the Nuclear Energy Research Initiative; and

(5) support communication and outreach related to nuclear science and engineering.

(c) MAINTAINING UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND TRAINING REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE- Activities under this section may include:

(1) Converting research reactors to low-enrichment fuels, upgrading operational instrumentation, and sharing of reactors among universities.

(2) Providing technical assistance, in collaboration with the United States nuclear industry, in re-licensing and upgrading training reactors as part of a student training program.

(3) Providing funding for reactor improvements as part of a focused effort that emphasizes research, training, and education.

(d) UNIVERSITY-NATIONAL LABORATORY INTERACTIONS- The Secretary shall develop--

(1) a sabbatical fellowship program for university professors to spend extended periods of time at National Laboratories in the areas of nuclear science and technology; and

(2) a visiting scientist program in which National Laboratory staff can spend time in academic nuclear science and engineering departments. The Secretary may provide for fellowships for students to spend time at National Laboratories in the area of nuclear science with a member of the Laboratory staff acting as a mentor.

(e) OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS- Funding for a research project provided under this section may be used to offset a portion of the operating and maintenance costs of a university research reactor used in the research project, on a cost-shared basis with the university.

(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- From amounts authorized under section 1241(c)(1), the following amounts are authorized for activities under this section--

(1) $33,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(2) $37,900,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(3) $43,600,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(4) $50,100,000 for fiscal year 2006.

SEC. 1243. NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- The Secretary shall support a Nuclear Energy Research Initiative for grants for research relating to nuclear energy.

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- From amounts authorized under section 1241(c), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for activities under this section such sums as are necessary for each fiscal year.

SEC. 1244. NUCLEAR ENERGY PLANT OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- The Secretary shall support a Nuclear Energy Plant Optimization Program for grants to improve nuclear energy plant reliability, availability, and productivity. Notwithstanding section 1403, the program shall require industry cost-sharing of at least 50 percent and be subject to annual review by the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee of the Department.

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- From amounts authorized under section 1241(c), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for activities under this section such sums as are necessary for each fiscal year.

SEC. 1245. NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- The Secretary shall support a Nuclear Energy Technology Development Program to develop a technology roadmap to design and develop new nuclear energy powerplants in the United States.

(b) GENERATION IV REACTOR STUDY- The Secretary shall, as part of the program under subsection (a), also conduct a study of Generation IV nuclear energy systems, including development of a technology roadmap and performance of research and development necessary to make an informed technical decision regarding the most promising candidates for commercial deployment. The study shall examine advanced proliferation-resistant and passively safe reactor designs, new reactor designs with higher efficiency, lower cost and improved safety, proliferation-resistant and high burn-up fuels, minimization of generation of radioactive materials, improved nuclear waste management technologies, and improved instrumentation science. Not later than December 31, 2002, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the results of the study.

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- From amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 1241(c), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for activities under this section such sums as are necessary for each fiscal year.

Subtitle E--Fundamental Energy Science

SEC. 1251. ENHANCED PROGRAMS IN FUNDAMENTAL ENERGY SCIENCE.

(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION- The Secretary, acting through the Office of Science, shall--
(1) conduct a comprehensive program of fundamental research, including research on chemical sciences, physics, materials sciences, biological and environmental sciences, geosciences, engineering sciences, plasma sciences, mathematics, and advanced scientific computing;

(2) maintain, upgrade and expand the scientific user facilities maintained by the Office of Science and ensure that they are an integral part of the departmental mission for exploring the frontiers of fundamental science;

(3) maintain a leading-edge research capability in the energy-related aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology, advanced scientific computing and genome research; and

(4) ensure that its fundamental science programs, where appropriate, help inform the applied research and development programs of the Department.

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment activities under this subtitle--

(1) $3,785,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(2) $4,153,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(3) $4,586,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(4) $5,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.

SEC. 1252. NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- The Secretary, acting through the Office of Science, shall support a program of research and development in nanoscience and nanoengineering consistent with the Department's statutory authorities related to research and development. The program shall include efforts to further the understanding of the chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering of phenomena on the scale of 1 to 100 nanometers.

(b) DUTIES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE- In carrying out the program under this section, the Office of Science shall--

(1) support both individual investigators and multidisciplinary teams of investigators;

(2) pursuant to subsection (c), develop, plan, construct, acquire, or operate special equipment or facilities for the use of investigators conducting research and development in nanoscience and nanoengineering;

(3) support technology transfer activities to benefit industry and other users of nanoscience and nanoengineering; and

(4) coordinate research and development activities with industry and other Federal agencies.

(c) NANOSCIENCE AND NANOENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTERS AND MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION-

(1) AUTHORIZATION- From amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 1251(b), the amounts specified under subsection (d)(2) shall, subject to appropriations, be available for projects to develop, plan, construct, acquire, or operate special equipment, instrumentation, or facilities for investigators conducting research and development in nanoscience and nanoengineering.

(2) PROJECTS- Projects under paragraph (1) may include the measurement of properties at the scale of 1 to 100 nanometers, manipulation at such scales, and the integration of technologies based on nanoscience or nanoengineering into bulk materials or other technologies.

(3) FACILITIES- Facilities under paragraph (1) may include electron microcharacterization facilities, microlithography facilities, scanning probe facilities and related instrumentation science.

(4) COLLABORATION- The Secretary shall encourage collaborations among universities, laboratories and industry at facilities under this subsection. At least one facility under this subsection shall have a specific mission of technology transfer to other institutions and to industry.

(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS-

(1) TOTAL AUTHORIZATION- From amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 1251(b), the following amounts are authorized for activities under this section--
(A) $270,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(B) $290,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(C) $310,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(D) $330,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.

(2) NANOSCIENCE AND NANOENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTERS AND MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION- Of the amounts under paragraph (1), the following amounts are authorized to carry out subsection (c)--

(A) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(B) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(C) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(D) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.

SEC. 1253. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING FOR ENERGY MISSIONS.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT- The Secretary, acting through the Office of Science, shall support a program to advance the Nation's computing capability across a diverse set of grand challenge computationally based science problems related to departmental missions.

(b) DUTIES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE- In carrying out the program under this section, the Office of Science shall--

(1) advance basic science through computation by developing software to solve grand challenge science problems on new generations of computing platforms;

(2) enhance the foundations for scientific computing by developing the basic mathematical and computing systems software needed to take full advantage of the computing capabilities of computers with peak speeds of 100 teraflops or more, some of which may be unique to the scientific problem of interest;

(3) enhance national collaboratory and networking capabilities by developing software to integrate geographically separated researchers into effective research teams and to facilitate access to and movement and analysis of large (petabyte) data sets; and

(4) maintain a robust scientific computing hardware infrastructure to ensure that the computing resources needed to address DOE missions are available; explore new computing approaches and technologies that promise to advance scientific computing.

(c) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ACT PROGRAM- Section 203(a) of the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5523(a)) is amended--

(1) in paragraph (3), by striking `and';

(2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and inserting `; and'; and

(3) by adding after paragraph (4) the following:

`(5) conduct an integrated program of research, development, and provision of facilities to develop and deploy to scientific and technical users the high-performance computing and collaboration tools needed to fulfill the statutory missions of the Department of Energy in conducting basic and applied energy research.'.

(d) COORDINATION WITH THE DOE NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY AGENCY ACCELERATED STRATEGIC COMPUTING INITIATIVE AND OTHER NATIONAL COMPUTING PROGRAMS- The Secretary shall ensure that this program, to the extent feasible, is integrated and consistent with--

(1) the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative of the National Nuclear Security Agency; and

(2) other national efforts related to advanced scientific computing for science and engineering.

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- From amounts authorized under section 1251(b), the following amounts are authorized for activities under this section--

(1) $285,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(2) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(3) $310,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(4) $320,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.

SEC. 1254. FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM AND PLANNING.

(a) OVERALL PLAN FOR FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM-
(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this subtitle, the Secretary, after consultation with the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, shall develop and transmit to the Congress a plan to ensure a strong scientific base for the Fusion Energy Sciences Program within the Office of Science and to enable the experiments described in subsections (b) and (c).

(2) OBJECTIVES OF PLAN- The plan under this subsection shall include as its objectives--

(A) to ensure that existing fusion research facilities and equipment are more fully utilized with appropriate measurements and control tools;

(B) to ensure a strengthened fusion science theory and computational base;

(C) to encourage and ensure that the selection of and funding for new magnetic and inertial fusion research facilities is based on scientific innovation and cost effectiveness;

(D) to improve the communication of scientific results and methods between the fusion science community and the wider scientific community;

(E) to ensure that adequate support is provided to optimize the design of the magnetic fusion burning plasma experiments referred to in subsections (b) and (c); and

(F) to ensure that inertial confinement fusion facilities are utilized to the extent practicable for the purpose of inertial fusion energy research and development.

(b) PLAN FOR UNITED STATES FUSION EXPERIMENT-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary, after consultation with the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, shall develop a plan for construction in the United States of a magnetic fusion burning plasma experiment for the purpose of accelerating scientific understanding of fusion plasmas. The Secretary shall request a review of the plan by the National Academy of Sciences and shall transmit the plan and the review to the Congress by July 1, 2004.

(2) REQUIREMENTS OF PLAN- The plan described in paragraph (1) shall--

(A) address key burning plasma physics issues; and

(B) include specific information on the scientific capabilities of the proposed experiment, the relevance of these capabilities to the goal of practical fusion energy, and the overall design of the experiment including its estimated cost and potential construction sites.

(c) PLAN FOR PARTICIPATION IN AN INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENT- In addition to the plan described in subsection (b), the Secretary, after consultation with the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, may also develop a plan for United States participation in an international burning plasma experiment for the same purpose, whose construction is found by the Secretary to be highly likely and where United States participation is cost-effective relative to the cost and scientific benefits of a domestic experiment described in subsection (b). If the Secretary elects to develop a plan under this subsection, he shall include the information described in subsection (b)(2), and an estimate of the cost of United States participation in such an international experiment. The Secretary shall request a review by the National Academy of Sciences of a plan developed under this subsection, and shall transmit the plan and the review to the Congress no later than July 1, 2004.

(d) AUTHORIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT- The Secretary, through the Office of Science, may conduct any research and development necessary to fully develop the plans described in this section.

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- From amounts authorized under section 1251, the following amounts are authorized for activities under this section and for activities of the Fusion Energy Science Program--

(1) for fiscal year 2003, $335,000,000;

(2) for fiscal year 2004, $349,000,000;

(3) for fiscal year 2005, $362,000,000; and

(4) for fiscal year 2006, $377,000,000.

Subtitle F--Energy, Safety, and Environmental Protection

SEC. 1261. CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

(a) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall carry out a research, development, demonstration and technology deployment program, in partnership with industry, on critical energy infrastructure protection, consistent with the roles and missions outlined for the Secretary in Presidential Decision Directive 63, entitled `Critical Infrastructure Protection'. The program shall have the following goals:
(1) Increase the understanding of physical and information system disruptions to the energy infrastructure that could result in cascading or widespread regional outages.

(2) Develop energy infrastructure assurance `best practices' through vulnerability and risk assessments.

(3) Protect against, mitigate the effect of, and improve the ability to recover from disruptive incidents within the energy infrastructure.

(b) PROGRAM SCOPE- The program under subsection (a) shall include research, development, deployment, technology demonstration for--

(1) analysis of energy infrastructure interdependencies to quantify the impacts of system vulnerabilities in relation to each other;

(2) probabilistic risk assessment of the energy infrastructure to account for unconventional and terrorist threats;

(3) incident tracking and trend analysis tools to assess the severity of threats and reported incidents to the energy infrastructure; and

(4) integrated multisensor, warning and mitigation technologies to detect, integrate, and localize events affecting the energy infrastructure including real time control to permit the reconfiguration of energy delivery systems.

(c) REGIONAL COORDINATION- The program under this section shall cooperate with Departmental activities to promote regional coordination under section 102 of this Act, to ensure that the technologies and assessments developed by the program are transferred in a timely manner to State and local authorities, and to the energy industries.

(d) COORDINATION WITH INDUSTRY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS- The Secretary may enter into grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements with industry research organizations to facilitate industry participation in research under this section and to fulfill applicable cost-sharing requirements.

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section--

(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(2) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(3) $27,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(4) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.

(f) CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY DEFINED- For purposes of this section, the term `critical energy infrastructure facility' means a physical or cyber-based system or service for the generation, transmission or distribution of electrical energy, or the production, refining, transportation, or storage of petroleum, natural gas, or petroleum product, the incapacity or destruction of which would have a debilitating impact on the defense or economic security of the United States. The term shall not include a facility that is licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission under section 103 or 104b of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2133 and 2134(b)).

SEC. 1262. RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION FOR REMEDIATION OF GROUNDWATER FROM ENERGY ACTIVITIES.

(a) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall carry out a research, development, demonstration, and technology deployment program to improve methods for environmental restoration of groundwater contaminated by energy activities, including oil and gas production, surface and underground mining of coal, and in-situ extraction of energy resources.

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006.

TITLE XIII--CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Subtitle A--Department of Energy Programs

SEC. 1301. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH.

(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION- The Secretary, acting through the Office of Science, shall conduct a comprehensive research program to understand and address the effects of energy production and use on the global climate system.

(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS-

(1) CLIMATE MODELING- The Secretary shall--
(A) conduct observational and analytical research to acquire and interpret the data needed to describe the radiation balance from the surface of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere;

(B) determine the factors responsible for the Earth's radiation balance and incorporate improved understanding of such factors in climate models;

(C) improve the treatment of aerosols and clouds in climate models;

(D) reduce the uncertainty in decade-to-century model-based projections of climate change; and

(E) increase the availability and utility of climate change simulations to researchers and policy makers interested in assessing the relationship between energy and climate change.

(2) CARBON CYCLE- The Secretary shall--

(A) carry out field research and modeling activities--
(i) to understand and document the net exchange of carbon dioxide between major terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere; or

(ii) to evaluate the potential of proposed methods of carbon sequestration;

(B) develop and test carbon cycle models; and

(C) acquire data and develop and test models to simulate and predict the transport, transformation, and fate of energy-related emissions in the atmosphere.

(3) ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES- The Secretary shall carry out long-term experiments of the response of intact terrestrial ecosystems to--

(A) alterations in climate and atmospheric composition; or

(B) land-use changes that affect ecosystem extent and function.

(4) INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT- The Secretary shall develop and improve methods and tools for integrated analyses of the climate change system from emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases to the consequences of these emissions on climate and the resulting effects of human-induced climate change on economic and social systems, with emphasis on critical gaps in integrated assessment modeling, including modeling of technology innovation and diffusion and the development of metrics of economic costs of climate change and policies for mitigating or adapting to climate change.

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- From amounts authorized under section 1251(b), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out activities under this section--

(1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(2) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(3) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and

(4) $230,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.-

(d) LIMITATION ON FUNDS- Funds authorized to be appropriated under this section shall not be used for the development, demonstration, or deployment of technology to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions.

SEC. 1302. AMENDMENTS TO THE FEDERAL NONNUCLEAR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1974.

Section 6 of the Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5905) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking `and' at the end;

(B) in paragraph (3) by striking the period at the end and inserting `, and'; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

`(4) solutions to the effective management of greenhouse gas emissions in the long term by the development of technologies and practices designed to--

`(A) reduce or avoid anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases;

`(B) remove and sequester greenhouse gases from emissions streams; and

`(C) remove and sequester greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.'; and

(2) in subsection (b)--

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking `subsection (a)(1) through (3)' and inserting `paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a)'; and

(B) in paragraph (3)--

(i) in subparagraph (R), by striking `and' at the end;

(ii) in subparagraph (S), by striking the period at the end and inserting `; and'; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

`(T) to pursue a long-term climate technology strategy designed to demonstrate a variety of technologies by which stabilization of greenhouse gases might be best achieved, including accelerated research, development, demonstration and deployment of--

`(i) renewable energy systems;

`(ii) advanced fossil energy technology;

`(iii) advanced nuclear power plant design;

`(iv) fuel cell technology for residential, industrial and transportation applications;

`(v) carbon sequestration practices and technologies, including agricultural and forestry practices that store and sequester carbon;

`(vi) efficient electrical generation, transmission and distribution technologies; and

`(vii) efficient end use energy technologies.'.

Subtitle B--Department of Agriculture Programs

SEC. 1311. CARBON SEQUESTRATION BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH.

(a) BASIC RESEARCH-
(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Agriculture shall carry out research in the areas of soil science that promote understanding of--
(A) the net sequestration of organic carbon in soil; and

(B) net emissions of other greenhouse gases from agriculture.

(2) AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE- The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Agricultural Research Service, shall collaborate with other Federal agencies in developing data and carrying out research addressing soil carbon fluxes (losses and gains) and net emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from cultivation and animal management activities.

(3) COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION SERVICE-

(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service, shall establish a competitive grant program to carry out research on the matters described in paragraph (1) in land grant universities and other research institutions.

(B) CONSULTATION ON RESEARCH TOPICS- Before issuing a request for proposals for basic research under paragraph (1), the Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service shall consult with the Agricultural Research Service to ensure that proposed research areas are complementary with and do not duplicate research projects underway at the Agricultural Research Service or other Federal agencies.

(b) Applied Research-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Agriculture shall carry out applied research in the areas of soil science, agronomy, agricultural economics and other agricultural sciences to--
(A) promote understanding of--
(i) how agricultural and forestry practices affect the sequestration of organic and inorganic carbon in soil and net emissions of other greenhouse gases;

(ii) how changes in soil carbon pools are cost-effectively measured, monitored, and verified; and

(iii) how public programs and private market approaches can be devised to incorporate carbon sequestration in a broader societal greenhouse gas emission reduction effort;

(B) develop methods for establishing baselines for measuring the quantities of carbon and other greenhouse gases sequestered; and

(C) evaluate leakage and performance issues.

(2) REQUIREMENTS- To the maximum extent practicable, applied research under paragraph (1) shall--

(A) draw on existing technologies and methods; and

(B) strive to provide methodologies that are accessible to a nontechnical audience.

(3) MINIMIZATION OF ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS- All applied research under paragraph (1) shall be conducted with an emphasis on minimizing adverse environmental impacts.

(4) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE- The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall collaborate with other Federal agencies, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in developing new measuring techniques and equipment or adapting existing techniques and equipment to enable cost-effective and accurate monitoring and verification, for a wide range of agricultural and forestry practices, of--

(A) changes in soil carbon content in agricultural soils, plants, and trees; and

(B) net emissions of other greenhouse gases.

(5) COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION SERVICE-

(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service, shall establish a competitive grant program to encourage research on the matters described in paragraph (1) by land grant universities and other research institutions.

(B) CONSULTATION ON RESEARCH TOPICS- Before issuing a request for proposals for applied research under paragraph (1), the Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service shall consult with the National Resources Conservation Service and the Agricultural Research Service to ensure that proposed research areas are complementary with and do not duplicate research projects underway at the Agricultural Research Service or other Federal agencies.

(c) RESEARCH CONSORTIA-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Agriculture may designate not more than two research consortia to carry out research projects under this section, with the requirement that the consortia propose to conduct basic research under subsection (a) and applied research under subsection (b).

(2) SELECTION- The consortia shall be selected in a competitive manner by the Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service.

(3) ELIGIBLE CONSORTIUM PARTICIPANTS- Entities eligible to participate in a consortium include--

(A) land grant colleges and universities;

(B) private research institutions;

(C) State geological surveys;

(D) agencies of the Department of Agriculture;

(E) research centers of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Energy;

(F) other Federal agencies;

(G) representatives of agricultural businesses and organizations with demonstrated expertise in these areas; and

(H) representatives of the private sector with demonstrated expertise in these areas.

(4) RESERVATION OF FUNDING- If the Secretary of Agriculture designates one or two consortia, the Secretary of Agriculture shall reserve for research projects carried out by the consortium or consortia not more than 25 percent of the amounts made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year.

(d) STANDARDS OF PRECISION-

(1) CONFERENCE- Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this subtitle, the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Agricultural Research Service and in consultation with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall convene a conference of key scientific experts on carbon sequestration and measurement techniques from various sectors (including the Government, academic, and private sectors) to--
(A) discuss benchmark standards of precision for measuring soil carbon content and net emissions of other greenhouse gases;

(B) designate packages of measurement techniques and modeling approaches to achieve a level of precision agreed on by the participants in the conference; and

(C) evaluate results of analyses on baseline, permanence, and leakage issues.

(2) DEVELOPMENT OF BENCHMARK STANDARDS-

(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary shall develop benchmark standards for measuring the carbon content of soils and plants (including trees) based on--
(i) information from the conference under paragraph (1);

(ii) research conducted under this section; and

(iii) other information available to the Secretary.

(B) OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC COMMENT- The Secretary shall provide an opportunity for the public to comment on benchmark standards developed under subparagraph (A).

(3) REPORT- Not later than 180 days after the conclusion of the conference under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the results of the conference.

(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS-

(1) IN GENERAL- There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006.

(2) ALLOCATION- Of the amounts made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year, at least 50 percent shall be allocated for competitive grants by the Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service.

SEC. 1312. CARBON SEQUESTRATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND OUTREACH.

(a) DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS-
(1) DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING PROGRAMS-
(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Natural Resources Conservation Service and in cooperation with local extension agents, experts from land grant universities, and other local agricultural or conservation organizations, shall develop user-friendly programs that combine measurement tools and modeling techniques into integrated packages to monitor the carbon sequestering benefits of conservation practices and net changes in greenhouse gas emissions.

(B) BENCHMARK LEVELS OF PRECISION- The programs developed under subparagraph (A) shall strive to achieve benchmark levels of precision in measurement in a cost-effective manner.

(2) PROJECTS-

(A) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Farm Service Agency, shall establish a program under which projects use the monitoring programs developed under paragraph (1) to demonstrate the feasibility of methods of measuring, verifying, and monitoring--
(i) changes in organic carbon content and other carbon pools in agricultural soils, plants, and trees; and

(ii) net changes in emissions of other greenhouse gases.

(B) EVALUATION OF IMPLICATIONS- The projects under subparagraph (A) shall include evaluation of the implications for reassessed baselines, carbon or other greenhouse gas leakage, and permanence of sequestration.

(C) SUBMISSION OF PROPOSALS- Proposals for projects under subparagraph (A) shall be submitted by the appropriate agency of each State, in cooperation with interested local jurisdictions and State agricultural and conservation organizations.

(D) LIMITATION- Not more than 10 projects under subparagraph (A) may be approved in conjunction with applied research projects under section 1311(b) until benchmark measurement and assessment standards are established under section 1311(d).

(E) NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LAND- The Secretary of Agriculture shall consider the use of National Forest System land as sites to demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring programs developed under paragraph (1).

(b) OUTREACH-

(1) IN GENERAL- The Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service shall widely disseminate information about the economic and environmental benefits that can be generated by adoption of conservation practices (including benefits from increased sequestration of carbon and reduced emission of other greenhouse gases).

(2) PROJECT RESULTS- The Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service shall inform farmers, ranchers, and State agricultural and energy offices in each State of--

(A) the results of demonstration projects under subsection (a)(2) in the State; and

(B) the ways in which the methods demonstrated in the projects might be applicable to the operations of those farmers and ranchers.

(3) POLICY OUTREACH- On a periodic basis, the Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Education Service shall disseminate information on the policy nexus between global climate change mitigation strategies and agriculture, so that farmers and ranchers may better understand the global implications of the activities of farmers and ranchers.

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS-

(1) IN GENERAL- There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006.

(2) ALLOCATION- Of the amounts made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year, at least 50 percent shall be allocated for demonstration projects under subsection (a)(2).

SEC. 1313. CARBON STORAGE AND SEQUESTRATION ACCOUNTING RESEARCH.

(a) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Agriculture, in collaboration with the heads of other Federal agencies, shall conduct research on, develop, and publish as appropriate, carbon storage and sequestration accounting models, reference tables, or other tools that can assist landowners and others in cost-effective and reliable quantification of the carbon release, sequestration, and storage expected to result from various resource uses, land uses, practices, activities or forest, agricultural, or cropland management practices over various periods of time.

(b) PILOT PROGRAMS- The Secretary of Agriculture shall make competitive grants to not more than five eligible entities to carry out pilot programs to demonstrate and assess the potential for development and use of carbon inventories and accounting systems that can assist in developing and assessing carbon storage and sequestration policies and programs. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture, in collaboration with the heads of other Federal agencies and with other interested parties, shall develop guidelines for such pilot programs, including eligibility for awards, application contents, reporting requirements, and mechanisms for peer review.

(c) REPORT- Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture, in collaboration with the heads of other Federal agencies, shall submit to Congress a report on the technical, institutional, infrastructure, design and funding needs to establish and maintain a national carbon storage and sequestration baseline and accounting system. The report shall include documentation of the results of each of the pilot programs.

(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- For the purposes of this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture $20,000,000 for fiscal years 2003 through 2007.

Subtitle C--International Energy Technology Transfer

SEC. 1321. CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS PROGRAM.

(a) DEFINITIONS- In this section:
(1) CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY- The term `clean energy technology' means an energy supply or end-use technology that, over its lifecycle and compared to a similar technology already in commercial use in developing countries, countries in transition, and other partner countries--
(A) emits substantially lower levels of pollutants or greenhouse gases; and

(B) may generate substantially smaller or less toxic volumes of solid or liquid waste.

(2) INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP- The term `interagency working group' means the Interagency Working Group on Clean Energy Technology Exports established under subsection (b).

(b) INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP-

(1) ESTABLISHMENT- Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall jointly establish a Interagency Working Group on Clean Energy Technology Exports. The interagency working group will focus on opening and expanding energy markets and transferring clean energy technology to the developing countries, countries in transition, and other partner countries that are expected to experience, over the next 20 years, the most significant growth in energy production and associated greenhouse gas emissions, including through technology transfer programs under the Framework Convention on Climate Change, other international agreements, and relevant Federal efforts.

(2) MEMBERSHIP- The interagency working group shall be jointly chaired by representatives appointed by the agency heads under paragraph (1) and shall also include representatives from the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Export-Import Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, the Trade and Development Agency, and other Federal agencies as deemed appropriate by all three agency heads under paragraph (1).

(3) DUTIES- The interagency working group shall--

(A) analyze technology, policy, and market opportunities for international development, demonstration, and deployment of clean energy technology;

(B) investigate issues associated with building capacity to deploy clean energy technology in developing countries, countries in transition, and other partner countries, including--

(i) energy-sector reform;

(ii) creation of open, transparent, and competitive markets for energy technologies;

(iii) availability of trained personnel to deploy and maintain the technology; and

(iv) demonstration and cost-buydown mechanisms to promote first adoption of the technology;

(C) examine relevant trade, tax, international, and other policy issues to assess what policies would help open markets and improve United States clean energy technology exports in support of the following areas--

(i) enhancing energy innovation and cooperation, including energy sector and market reform, capacity building, and financing measures;

(ii) improving energy end-use efficiency technologies, including buildings and facilities, vehicle, industrial, and co-generation technology initiatives; and

(iii) promoting energy supply technologies, including fossil, nuclear, and renewable technology initiatives;

(D) establish an advisory committee involving the private sector and other interested groups on the export and deployment of clean energy technology;

(E) monitor each agency's progress towards meeting goals in the 5-year strategic plan submitted to Congress pursuant to the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2001, and the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2002;

(F) make recommendations to heads of appropriate Federal agencies on ways to streamline Federal programs and policies to improve each agency's role in the international development, demonstration, and deployment of clean energy technology;

(G) make assessments and recommendations regarding the distinct technological, market, regional, and stakeholder challenges necessary to carry out the program; and

(H) recommend conditions and criteria that will help ensure that United States funds promote sound energy policies in participating countries while simultaneously opening their markets and exporting United States energy technology.

(c) FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER- Notwithstanding any other provision of law, each Federal agency or Government corporation carrying out an assistance program in support of the activities of United States persons in the environment or energy sector of a developing country, country in transition, or other partner country shall support, to the maximum extent practicable, the transfer of United States clean energy technology as part of that program.

(d) ANNUAL REPORT- Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and on April 1st of each year thereafter, the Interagency Working Group shall submit a report to Congress on its activities during the preceding calendar year. The report shall include a description of the technology, policy, and market opportunities for international development, demonstration, and deployment of clean energy technology investigated by the Interagency Working Group in that year, as well as any policy recommendations to improve the expansion of clean energy markets and United States clean energy technology exports.

(e) REPORT ON USE OF FUNDS- Not later than October 1, 2002, and each year thereafter, the Secretary of State, in consultation with other Federal agencies, shall submit a report to Congress indicating how United States funds appropriated for clean energy technology exports and other relevant Federal programs are being directed in a manner that promotes sound energy policy commitments in developing countries, countries in transition, and other partner countries, including efforts pursuant to multilateral environmental agreements.

(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated to the departments, agencies, and entities of the United States described in subsection (b) such sums as may be necessary to support the transfer of clean energy technology, consistent with the subsidy codes of the World Trade Organization, as part of assistance programs carried out by those departments, agencies, and entities in support of activities of United States persons in the energy sector of a developing country, country in transition, or other partner country.

SEC. 1322. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM.

Section 1608 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13387) is amended by striking subsection (l) and inserting the following:

`(l) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM-

`(1) DEFINITIONS- In this subsection:
`(A) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY DEPLOYMENT PROJECT- The term `international energy deployment project' means a project to construct an energy production facility outside the United States--
`(i) the output of which will be consumed outside the United States; and

`(ii) the deployment of which will result in a greenhouse gas reduction per unit of energy produced when compared to the technology that would otherwise be implemented--

`(I) 10 percentage points or more, in the case of a unit placed in service before January 1, 2010;

`(II) 20 percentage points or more, in the case of a unit placed in service after December 31, 2009, and before January 1, 2020; or

`(III) 30 percentage points or more, in the case of a unit placed in service after December 31, 2019, and before January 1, 2030.

`(B) QUALIFYING INTERNATIONAL ENERGY DEPLOYMENT PROJECT- The term `qualifying international energy deployment project' means an international energy deployment project that--

`(i) is submitted by a United States firm to the Secretary in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary by regulation;

`(ii) uses technology that has been successfully developed or deployed in the United States;

`(iii) meets the criteria of subsection (k);

`(iv) is approved by the Secretary, with notice of the approval being published in the Federal Register; and

`(v) complies with such terms and conditions as the Secretary establishes by regulation.

`(C) UNITED STATES- For purposes of this paragraph, the term `United States', when used in a geographical sense, means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

`(2) Pilot program for financial assistance-

`(A) IN GENERAL- Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall, by regulation, provide for a pilot program for financial assistance for qualifying international energy deployment projects.

`(B) SELECTION CRITERIA- After consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary shall select projects for participation in the program based solely on the criteria under this title and without regard to the country in which the project is located.

`(C) Financial assistance-

`(i) IN GENERAL- A United States firm that undertakes a qualifying international energy deployment project that is selected to participate in the pilot program shall be eligible to receive a loan or a loan guarantee from the Secretary.

`(ii) RATE OF INTEREST- The rate of interest of any loan made under clause (i) shall be equal to the rate for Treasury obligations then issued for periods of comparable maturities.

`(iii) AMOUNT- The amount of a loan or loan guarantee under clause (i) shall not exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the qualified international energy deployment project.

`(iv) DEVELOPED COUNTRIES- Loans or loan guarantees made for projects to be located in a developed country, as listed in Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, shall require at least a 50 percent contribution towards the total cost of the loan or loan guarantee by the host country.

`(v) DEVELOPING COUNTRIES- Loans or loan guarantees made for projects to be located in a developing country (those countries not listed in Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) shall require at least a 10 percent contribution towards the total cost of the loan or loan guarantee by the host country.

`(vi) CAPACITY BUILDING RESEARCH- Proposals made for projects to be located in a developing country may include a research component intended to build technological capacity within the host country. Such research must be related to the technologies being deployed and must involve both an institution in the host country and an industry, university or national laboratory participant from the United States. The host institution shall contribute at least 50 percent of funds provided for the capacity building research.

`(D) COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS- A qualifying international energy deployment project funded under this section shall not be eligible as a qualifying clean coal technology under section 415 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7651n).

`(E) REPORT- Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the President a report on the results of the pilot projects.

`(F) RECOMMENDATION- Not later than 60 days after receiving the report under subparagraph (E), the President shall submit to Congress a recommendation, based on the results of the pilot projects as reported by the Secretary of Energy, concerning whether the financial assistance program under this section should be continued, expanded, reduced, or eliminated.

`(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011, to remain available until expended.'.

Subtitle D--Climate Change Science and Information

PART I--AMENDMENTS TO THE GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH ACT OF 1990

SEC. 1331. AMENDMENT OF GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH ACT OF 1990.

Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this subtitle an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the ref